competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription published this article page no    58 caatsa act also known as countering americas adversaries through sanctions act was enacted by usa in 2017 to impose sanctions on three nations i.e. russia iran and north korea.  apart from sanctions on the three nations the act also imposes sanctions on countries who deal with these nations. this brings the current s400 deal between india and russia under this orbit.  but us cannot afford to alienate a strategic ally and a defense market like india. as a result the us lawmakers have introduced a bill for sanction waiver to avoid retaliatory us actions on india. but only time can tell what the future holds for this quagmire changing dynamics of defence and security cooperation the s400 triumf deal signifies deepening of ties between india and russia. but this step is not an isolated incident but a culminating effect of changing global and bilateral dynamics  changing world order the rising new bipolar world with usa and china as global powers has increased the closeness of two nations with rival superpowers i.e. ○ russia is becoming close to china while tensions exist between indiachina and ○ india is becoming close to the usa while tensions exist between russiausa.  geostrategic interests with a reasonable shift in indias approach from an inwardlooking (strategically as well as economically) and nonaligned nation the old commonalities of interest between two nations are replaced by divergence in geostrategic interests. e.g. ○ indopacific region india joining the quadrilateral security dialogue (quad) for a free and open indopacific region with japan usa and australia. ○ eurasian region commonality of interest between india and europe to curb growing chinese strategic assertiveness in the region.  economic relationship unlike indiarussia with bilateral trade of just $7.5 bn in 2019 the economic relationship between indiausa or russiachina are far more diverse and deeper. o e.g. in 2014 russiachina signed a $400 bn gas deal. similarly the trade between indiausa in 202021 stood at $80.5 bn with $13.8 bn of fdi.  modernization with diversity to modernize and diversify away from sovietera and russian military equipment india has expanded its defense purchases from other nations like france israel and the usa. e.g. between 201620 russia accounted for 49% of indian arms purchase in comparison to 70% in 201115 (as per sipri fact sheet). ○ in 2014 russia removed its selfimposed sanction on arms sale to pakistan considered as a warning on indian diversification. way forward the latest defence cooperation for period 202131 will help as a step to take forward the ongoing engagements between two nations. but it needs more synergy of interests and operations to withstand the forces which will impact it by competition refresher magazine subscription buy.

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription  published this article page no    59   new theatres of common interest broaden collaboration on bilateral and regional issues with work on new theatres of cooperation such as eurasian region arctic afghanistan etc. as part of shared common responsibilities on global peace and stability. o regular nsa level security dialogue on such issues can help in enhancing strategic understanding and coordination of operations.  upgrading defence cooperation through make in india promote joint development and coproduction of weapons including niche domains of weaponry promoting selfsufficiency and reducing indias dependence on others for modernization and diversity under make in india.  joint manufacturing of spare parts and logistics support with a large part of indian defence equipment from russia both nations should jointly manufacture spare parts and promote reciprocal logistics support enhancing militarytomilitary cooperation as well.  upgrade relationship the relations between two nations should be elevated from governmenttogovernment to greater cooperation in the private sector for trade diversity. work on rulesbased international order to protect the strategic autonomy of not just self but of others as well greater cooperation at un and other forums (brics sco etc.) is required for more rulesbased international order protecting multipolaritymultilateralism. over 87000 un peacekeepers face greater threats from complex conflicts  united nations peacekeeping chief jeanpierre lacroix said that un peacekeeping missions are confronting greater threats today compared to two or three years ago.  challenges in solving conflicts for peacekeeping forces today include o conflicts are driven by multiple factors including ethnic tensions and the impact of organized crime to illegal exploitation of resources and terrorism. o conflicts are multilayered i.e. not only local and national but also regional and global. for ex increasing terrorist activity in africas impoverished sahel region. o presence of conflict enhancers including digital technologies impact of fake news and misinformation and usage of increasingly sophisticated means. o political and security environment deteriorated competition refresher magazine subscription buy.

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription

competition refresher magazine subscription published this article page no    60 steps required to make un peacekeeping more effective o improved medical support and equipment to make peacekeepers more nimble mobile and reactive especially more helicopters. o increasing the number of women in peacekeeping operations as more women in peacekeeping means more effective peacekeeping. o digital transformation of peacekeeping which will enable better communication and help in countering misinformation and the better collection and processing of information.  about un peacekeeping o peacekeeping operations get their mandates from un security council. o their troops and police are contributed by members states o they are guided by three basic principles consent of the parties impartiality and nonuse of force except in selfdefense and defense of the mandate. india and usa agree on a transitional approach on equalisation levy (el)  both signed a pact for transition from el (or digital tax). o settlement is broadly on the lines of one reached under unilateral measures compromise among uk austria france italy and spain with us.  el was introduced in 2016 to tax foreign firms with no permanent establishments in india (ex amazon google etc). o later us conducted investigation into such digital taxes adopted by austria india italy uk etc stating these discriminated against us digital companies.  in october 2021 136 countries including india agreed to enforce a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% as well as an equitable system of taxing profits of big companies in markets where they are earned. o deal requires countries to remove all digital services tax and other similar unilateral measures competition refresher magazine subscription buy. 

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